No qualifying bean of type in Spring or Spring Boot

In this post, we will see about an exception: No qualifying bean of type. Exceptions are least expected but you might get it while working with Spring. or Spring boot.

Did you get this exception: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type?

If yes, let’s see different reasons for it.

Reason 1:
You forgot to declare the bean itself.

Let’s understand this with the help of example.

XML configuration

1. Create a simple java maven project.
2. Maven dependency
put spring and cglib maven dependency in pom.xml.

So your pom.xml will look like:

3. Create Bean class

Please note that we are using Autowired annotation to inject bean y in x.

4. ApplicationContext.xml
Create ApplicationContext.xml in src/main/resources as below.

We have just declared one bean x here
5. Create SpringApplicationMain.java

6. Run it
When you run above program, you will get below output.

As you can see, we are getting NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type as there is no bean "y" declared in XML.

Java configuration

First 2 steps will remain the same.
let’s add @Component to X.java

4. Create ApplicationConfiguration.java as below.

5. Create Main class
   
   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;;</li> </ol> <p>public class SpringJavaConfigMain {</p> <pre><code>public static void main(String[] args) { @SuppressWarnings("resource") ApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfiguration.class); X x = (X) appContext.getBean("x"); Y y = x.getY(); }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;;</li> </ol> <p>public class SpringJavaConfigMain {</p> <pre><code>public static void main(String[] args) {     @SuppressWarnings("resource")     ApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfiguration.class);     X x = (X) appContext.getBean("x");     Y y = x.getY(); }

   }

   6. Run it
      When you run it, you will get below output.
      .
      .
      Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.arpit.java2blog.Y] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
      .
      .

      If you add @Component to Y.java, above exception won’t occur.

   ---

   Reason 2:
   You have not added package name to @ComponentScan.

   You might be using @Component,@Service or @Repository but there is no entry for package with @ComponentScan.
   For example:
   If I change package name to "org.arpit.dummy", program won’t work,even if you have put @Component with bean Y.

   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan("org.arpit.dummy") public class ApplicationConfiguration { }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;   @Configuration @ComponentScan("org.arpit.dummy") public class ApplicationConfiguration {   }

   ---

   
   Reason 3:
   You have more than one candidate for autowiring

   Let’s understand this with the help of example.
   Let’s say you one interface named "Decorable"

   package org.arpit.java2blog; public interface Decorable { public void decorate(); }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog;   public interface Decorable {     public void decorate(); }

   This interface is implemented by two classes.
   CurtianDecorator.java

   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CurtianDecorator implements Decorable { @Override public void decorate() { System.out.println("Decorating room using curtains"); } }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog;   import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;   @Component public class CurtianDecorator implements Decorable {       @Override     public void decorate() {         System.out.println("Decorating room using curtains");       } }

   WallDecorator.java

   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class WallDecorator implements Decorable { @Override public void decorate() { System.out.println("Decorating room with wall decorators"); } }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog;   import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;   @Component public class WallDecorator implements Decorable {       @Override     public void decorate() {         System.out.println("Decorating room with wall decorators");       }   }

   Create Room.java which will composite reference variable of type interface Decorable.

   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Room { @Autowired Decorable decorable; public Decorable getDecorable() { return decorable; } public void setDecorable(Decorable decorable) { this.decorable = decorable; } }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog;   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;   @Component public class Room {       @Autowired     Decorable decorable;       public Decorable getDecorable() {         return decorable;     }       public void setDecorable(Decorable decorable) {         this.decorable = decorable;     } }

   4. Create ApplicationConfiguration.java as below.

   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan("org.arpit.java2blog") public class ApplicationConfiguration { }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;   @Configuration @ComponentScan("org.arpit.java2blog") public class ApplicationConfiguration {   }

   5. Create Main class

   package org.arpit.java2blog; package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;; public class SpringJavaConfigMain { public static void main(String[] args) { @SuppressWarnings("resource") ApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfiguration.class); Room room=(Room)appContext.getBean("room"); Decorable decorable = room.getDecorable(); decorable.decorate(); } }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog; package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;;   public class SpringJavaConfigMain {       public static void main(String[] args) {         @SuppressWarnings("resource")         ApplicationContext appContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ApplicationConfiguration.class);         Room room=(Room)appContext.getBean("room");         Decorable decorable = room.getDecorable();         decorable.decorate();     } }

   6. Run it
   When you run it, you will get below output.

   .
   .
   .
   Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [org.arpit.java2blog.Decorable] is defined: expected single matching bean but found 2: curtianDecorator,wallDecorator
   .
   .

   Please note that this time,we are getting NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException because there are two autowired candidates for Decorable in Room class and spring is not able to resolve which one to use.
   You can solve this probem using @Qualifier annotation.

   package org.arpit.java2blog; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Room { @Autowired @Qualifier("wallDecorator") Decorable decorable; public Decorable getDecorable() { return decorable; } public void setDecorable(Decorable decorable) { this.decorable = decorable; } }

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   package org.arpit.java2blog;   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;   @Component public class Room {       @Autowired     @Qualifier("wallDecorator")     Decorable decorable;       public Decorable getDecorable() {         return decorable;     }       public void setDecorable(Decorable decorable) {         this.decorable = decorable;     } }

   When you run the program again, you will get below output:

   Jun 24, 2018 5:19:36 PM org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh
   INFO: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@2e817b38: startup date [Sun Jun 24 17:19:36 IST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
   Decorating room with wall decorators

   That’s all about no qual

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